MOLECULAR ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION Development of a Multiplex PCR for Identification of Vineyard Mealybugs

A simple molecular tool was developed and tested to identify seven mealybug species found in North American vineyards: Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrhorn, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzeti), Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell), Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Planococcus citri (Risso), and Ferrisia gilli Gullan. The developed multiplex PCR is based on themitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene. In tests, this single-stepmultiplex PCR correctly identiÞed 95 of 95mealybug samples, representing all seven species and collected from diverse geographic regions. To test the sensitivity, single specimen samples with different Pl. ficus developmental stages (egg to adult female and adult male) were processed PCR and the resulting output provided consistent positive identiÞcation. To test the utility of this protocol for adult males caught in sex baited pheromone traps, Pl. ficus adult males were placed in pheromone traps, aged at a constant temperature of 26 2 C, and processed with the multiplex each day thereafter for 8 d. Results showed consistent positive identiÞcation for up to 6 d (range, 6Ð8 d). Results are discussed with respect to the usefulness of this molecular tool for the identiÞcation of mealybugs in pest management programs and biosecurity of invasive mealybugs.